Private Clinic for Substance Dependence

A substance use disorder is diagnosed when three of the following six symptoms are present simultaneously over an extended period:

• Strong craving or urge to use the substance (Cravings)
• Repeated unsuccessful attempts to cut down or control use
• Psychological and physical withdrawal symptoms
• Needing a higher dose to achieve the same effect (Tolerance development)
• Neglect of family, friends, or social obligations
• Continued use despite negative consequences (e.g., job loss)

The causes of a substance use disorder are composed of three main factors, which often overlap and influence each other:

• Genetic factors: A hereditary predisposition can increase the likelihood of developing a substance use disorder.
• Psychological factors: Mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety can promote addictive behaviors. Traumatic experiences can also trigger the onset of a substance use disorder.
• Social factors: The social environment plays a crucial role in the development of addiction. A challenging family environment can act as a stressor. Additionally, societal acceptance of certain substances, such as alcohol, tobacco, or prescription medications, as well as advertising for alcohol and tobacco, can normalize or encourage consumption.